Arctic’s Newest Climate Feedback: The Beaver Effect
January 5, 2023
Climatologists frequently talk about “positive feedback” effects – where one first order effect of planetary warming “feeds back” or enhances another knock-on effect, which makes the first one worse, which feeds back again, etc.
Prime example is, warming Arctic ocean water means melting sea ice, which replaces highly reflective white ice with dark ocean water, absorbing more solar radiation, creating more warming.
There are a number of others.
Now we have a furry, fuzzy, busy, new one.
Beavers are taking over the Alaskan tundra, completely transforming its waterways, and accelerating climate change in the Arctic.
The changes are so sudden and drastic that they’re clearly visible from space.
As the Arctic tundra warms, woody plants are growing along its rivers and streams, creating perfect habitats for beavers.
As the furry rodents move into these waterways, they make themselves at home by doing what they do best: chewing and carrying wood to build dams, and clogging rapid rivers and streams to make lush ponds.
What was once a thin line of water cutting across the tundra has become a train of bulbous beaver ponds:
“There’s not even a lot of other animals that leave a footprint you can see from space,” Ken Tape, an ecologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks, told Insider. “There is one, and they’re called humans. The funny thing is that humans could not get a permit to do what beavers are now doing in this state.”
This swimming, furry rodent’s invasion of the North American tundra is a mixed bag. The beaver ponds create lush oases that could increase biodiversity, but they also play a role in accelerating the climate crisis.
Tape and his colleagues assessed aerial photos from the early 1950s and found no signs of beaver presence in Alaska’s Arctic tundra. The first signs of beavers appeared in 1980 imagery. In satellite imagery from the 2000s and 2010s, the beaver ponds doubled.
All in all, satellites reveal more than 11,000 beaver ponds have appeared across the tundra.
“All of western Alaska is now really densely populated with beaver ponds,” Tape said.
That’s consistent with what Indigenous people in the area have observed. It’s especially obvious on the ground in towns like Kotzebue, where there were no beavers 20 years ago, and now they’re everywhere, Tape said.
UPDATE:
I found this conversation with Katey Walter Anthony – expert on Arctic Lakes, on the general topics of lakes in the arctic.
More research needed.
January 5, 2023 at 1:55 pm
Human: “I’m here to destroy the planet!”
Gaia’s shadowy twin sister, Naia: “How can I help?”
January 5, 2023 at 7:38 pm
My thoughts are to leave them B – at least they have a plan, and don’t use fossil fuels.
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“While changes to the Arctic brought on by warming will happen with or without beavers, the fragility of the far-north ecosystems leaves them especially vulnerable to the kinds of disturbances beavers may cause.”
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/as-the-arctic-warms-beavers-move-in-180981259/
January 5, 2023 at 8:07 pm
As they accelerate non-tundra growth, isn’t that more of a carbon sink? As we’ve seen in other videos, those beaver zones reduce the probability or severity of wildfires, no?
January 6, 2023 at 10:35 am
more research needed.
The greening tundra is indeed a carbon sink, but the new potholes and lakes also eat away at the permafrost along the edges and at the bottom, so increasing melt. Pools of water act like solar collectors gathering heat and delivering to depth.
Like everything, complicated.
January 6, 2023 at 6:12 pm
While these mammals are adapting and surviving up in the Arctic, other mammalia are not faring so well.
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“The African savanna elephant is listed as endangered. If the situation doesn’t change, Africa – indeed, the world – may lose one of its most iconic animal species.”
https://theconversation.com/climate-change-is-leaving-african-elephants-desperate-for-water-191844
January 9, 2023 at 6:04 pm
Beavers introduced to southern South America are also disrupting the environment there. Not sure if they’re spreading out from the previously forested areas. https://phys.org/news/2021-04-brought-humans-beavers-threaten-patagonia.html
January 9, 2023 at 6:19 pm
excellent – another example of bonehead human interventions causing chaos.